In India, over an estimated 1,000,000 people sustain moderate-to-severe burn injuries every year.

Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis 2019 9:4-36. Recent Concepts in Nutritional Therapy in Critically Ill Burn Patients.

Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis 2019 9:4-36 Keywords: Assessment, biomarkers, hypermetabolism, parenteral nutrition, pediatric burn nutrition, micronutrient, nanotechnology, substrates Nutrition support specialists are trying to improve the management protocols and technological advances such as nanotechnology and biomarkers will take the nutrition management to greater advances. They reduce the severity of illness and improve response to treatment of patients. Nutritional factors with positive effects on immunity and in cell regulation include glutamine, arginine, and essential fatty acids, known as immunonutrients. The course of disease can be altered favorably to a great extent by supplementation of specific nutrients. Careful decision-making for safe use of enteral or parenteral nutrition and an aggressive nutrient delivery are required. Major challenges are assessment of nutritional status of the patient and estimation of nutrient requirements. Uncontrolled inflammation causes severe metabolic derangement in burn patients. A shift from preventing malnutrition to disease modulation in nutrition support in critically ill patients is being aimed at present. Catecholamine and corticosteroids, inflammatory mediator levels, are increased, and this hypermetabolic response leads to catastrophic results in the postburn injury period.

Impaired wound healing, dysfunction of multiple organs, increased chances of infection, and death are largely prevented by an adequate nutrition care along with proper wound management. Nutritional sustain is an essential and integral component of burn care that requires an aggressive multifaceted approach. At the same time, care of surgical and medical needs of the patient is crucial for good clinical outcomes. It is essential to reduce the force and effects of the hypermetabolic response, aim for healing of wounds, and help to reduce negative catabolism effects. Metabolic support during heightened inflammatory state is essential to make sure adequate treatment of burn patients. Nutrition therapy aims to provide adequate and early nutrition for patients suffering from burn injuries. In developing countries such as India, burn injury is still a major and frequent cause of mortality and morbidity.

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